The Murdered Journalists of Central Asia

Since the Fall, the Former Soviet Union has seen a shocking number of dissidents and reporters murdered: over 37 at the last counting. Naturally, the vast majority of the murderers remain eternal mysteries unless an appropriate scapegoat is found, but let us be frank: it is no surprise that countries run by the KGB, or by the same old Soviet officials and chieftans behave like… the KGB, or the old Soviet system.

The few independent papers and TV stations left that have not been either outright nationalized or purchased by state mega-corporations are in a precarious position. Reporting on the endemic corruption and organized crime in the FSU is a shockingly dangerous occupation. There are so many reporters that have been murdered in one way or another, and remained unsolved, it was difficult to compile. There were also some weird trends, like how the Russians tend to be bludgeoned, or the Kazakhs tend to be run over by cars.

Almost as depressing as knowing they were murdered for exposing the corruption in their society is how hard it was to dig up their pictures… almost as if they didn’t exist. This list is not comprehensive, as it only covers journalist murders after 2000. If someone is missing, please email me so I may add their information: joshua [dot] foust [at] gmail [dot] com.

If anyone has pictures, I would love to have them.

These are the men and women who were cut down exposing the rot in their socities. They are heroes.

Azerbaijan (1)

Elmar Huseynov, 03/02/2005. Opposition journalist, gunned down in the stairwell of his apartment building in Baku.

Georgia (4)

	Georgiy Gongadze, disappeared 09/16/2000, found decapitated and doused in acid 11/03/2000. He was investigating corruption in Ukrainian President Kuchma’s administration.
[no picture]	Georgy Chanya, 05/26/1998. Killed by Georgian forces while covering the fighting in Abkhazia.
	Antonio Russo, 10/17/2000. Italian radio journalist, killed outside of Tblisi while covering war in Chechnya.
	Georgiy Sanaya, 07/26/2001. Popular radio host shot in the head in his own home.

Kazakhstan (7)

[no picture]	Alexei Pugayev, 01/04/2002. Co-publisher of opposition newspaper Eurasia, known for strongly criticizing President Nazarbayev and his cronies, he was run over by a car and later died.
[no picture]	Nuri Muftah, 11/17/2002. Correspondent of the opposition newspaper Respublika 2000 and editor of the weekly Altyn Gasyr in the oil town of Atyrau, he was pushed in front of a bus.
	Askhat Sharipzhan, 07/20/2004. Independent journalist who worked mainly on the Internet, he was, like so many other opposition journalists, killed by a car whilst crossing the street.
[no picture	Batyrkhan Darimbet, 06/07/2005. Editor of the opposition weekly Azat, killed in a hit-and-run "accident" that was never solved.
	Altynbek Sarsenbayev, 02/2006. Opposition leader, found shot dead in his car along with his driver and a bodyguard.
	Oralgaisha Omarhanova, missing since 03/30/2007. A journalist based in Astana, she was investigating the deadly fighting between Kazakhs and ethnic Chechens; she has not been seen since expressing her concern over several death threats.
[no picture]	Saken Tauzhanov, 08/02/2007. A fierce critic of both the government and the opposition, he too was mysteriously killed by a car.

Kyrgyzstan (2)

	Ernis Nazalov, 09/15/2003. Body found in Osh province, covered in bruises and with head trauma.
	Alisher Saipov, 10/24/2007. Reporting in Uzbek from Kyrgyzstan and smuggling papers into Uzbekistan, he was gunned down for a reported $10,000 bounty. He had said he was disappointed it was so small.

Russia (22):

	Igor Domnikov, 7/16/00. Reporter from same paper as Anna Politkovskaya. Beaten over the head in front of his apartment building, after being mistaken for Oleg Sultanov, who lived in the same building and had been targeted.
	Sergey Novikov, 7/26/00. Radio DJ loudly critical of the government. Shot four times in his own stairwell.
	Iskandar Khatloni, 9/21/00. Reporter for Tajik language RFE/RL, and reported on human rights abuses in Chechnya (a sadly common theme). Attacked by an axe in his apartment.
	Sergey Ivanov, 10/3/00. Director of independent TV company, known for its influence in local politics. Shot five times in the head and chest in front of his apartment.
	Adam Tepsurgayev, 11/21/00. Reuters reporter covering the Chechen conflict. Shot at a neighbor’s house.
	Eduard Markevich, 9/19/01. Local reporter who was vocal critic of local officials. Shot in the back on his way to work.
	Natalia Skryl, 3/8/02. Investigative reporter covering corrupt local businesses. Found near her home with a massive head injury.
[no picture]	Sergei Kalinovsky, unknown date of death. Disappeared 12/14/01, body discovered 4/1/02. Reporter on local crime and politics, disappeared 12/14/00 after saying he was going “to an important meeting.” His body was covered in bruises, and his apartment was later destroyed by an unknown arsonist.
	Dmitry Shvets, 4/18/03. Director-general of independent TV station in Murmansk, reporting on local corruption and embarrassing politicians. Gunned down outside his station’s offices.
	Valery Ivanov (on left), 4/29/02. Investigating criminal gang linked to Lada factory. Found with multiple automatic gunshot wounds in his car in front of his home.
	Alexei Sidorov, 10/19/03. Known for exposés on organized crime, mysteriously knifed during a random street fight by an unidentified assailant outside a bar.
[no image]	Maksim Maksimov, disappeared 06/29/2004. He was investigating the murder of several politicians and businessmen, including Galina Starovoytova.
	Paul Khlebnikov, 7/9/04. American investigative journalist working for Russian Forbes, opposed to the intersection of the mafia and government in Moscow. Killed in drive-by shooting outside his office.
[no image]	Pail Peloian, 07/17/2004. An Armenian journalist working for an art and literature magazine, he was found by the side of a highway beaten, stabbed, with a crushed skull and bruises over his face. His passport and money were still on his body.
	Pavel Makeev, 5/21/05. Investigated organized crime, murdered while investigating illegal drag racing. Body found dragged by car and his camera was stolen.
	Magomedzagid Varisov, 6/28/05. Reported on local crime and terrorism, and wrote against the opposition in Dagestan. Shot as he was being driven home with his wife.
	Vagif Kochetkov, 1/8/06. Repeatedly clubbed in the back of head after publishing a report on a drug ring in the city of Tula. He died two weeks later of massive head trauma.
	Ilia Zimin, 2/26/06. NTV reporter who used hidden cameras to look into hygiene at Moscow restaurants. Found face down in pool of blood with blunt force trauma to the head.
	Yevgeny Gerasimenko, 7/26/06. Part-time investigative journalist opposed to local corruption. Found with plastic bag over face, body showed evidence of torture.
	Anna Politkovskya, 10/7/06. Human rights activist, opposition to atrocities in Chechnya and presidency of Vladimir Putin. Shot in her apartment building.
	Anatoly Voronin, 10/16/2006. Business chief of ITAR-TASS, found knifed inside his own apartment as part of a suspected dispute.
	Ivan Safronov, 03/02/2007. Military affairs correspondent for Kommersant, he was a critic of the Russian military, and fell five stories from his third floor Moscow apartment.
	Magomed Yevloyev, 08/31/2008. Ethnic Ingush and owner of website Ingushetiya.ru, he was shut down and thrown into prison after strong criticisms of Murat Zyazikov, the Russian-backed President of Ingushetia. He died in custody under uncertain circumstances.

Tajikistan (38)

[no image]	N. I. Matrosov, 02/12/1990. Killed by sniper fire during a protest while filming the event from his second floor hotel room. In the same incident, a woman was killed when standing behind her photojournalist brother also covering the event.
	Khushvaht Muborakshoev, December 1992. A Pamiri television reporter, reportedly killed at an unknown location by members of the People’s Front.
	Murodullo Sheraliev, 5/5/92. Editor-in-chief Sheraliev was killed by automatic weapon fire while he was performing professional duties in the Tajikistan Supreme Soviet building in Dushanbe, according to the Union of Journalists of Tajikistan.
	Shirindzhon Amirdzhonov, 5/7/92. killed by automatic weapon fire at the republic’s Radio House in Dushanbe while they were performing professional duties, according to the Journalists’ Union of Tajikistan.
	Olim Zarobekov, 5/7/92. Killed by automatic weapon fire at the republic’s Radio House in Dushanbe while they were performing professional duties, according to the Journalists’ Union of Tajikistan.
	Tura Kobilov, June 1992. Editor Kobilov was taken hostage in the Bokhtar region by unidentified captors and shot and killed while carrying out his professional duties, according to the Union of Journalists of Tajikistan.
	Arkadi Ruderman, September 1992. Belarussian documentary filmmaker and journalist from Minsk, he was working for Russia’s television station Channel 1. He was killed while on assignment in September 1992. The circumstances of his death are not known.
	Tavakkal Faizulloev, 11/17/92. Correspondent Faizulloev, with the Yovon District newspaper in Khatlon,was killed in retaliation for writing anti-Islamic articles.
[no picture]	Mukhtor Bugdiev, December 1992. Photojournalist Bugdiev was killed in December 1992 in Dushanbe by members of the People’s Front, according to local Tajik journalists.
[no picture]	Jamshed Davliyatmamatov, December 1992. Correspondent Davliyatmamatov was murdered by members of the People’s Front.
	Filolisho Khilvatshoev, December 1992. Journalist Khilvatshoev was killed by members of the People’s Front, according to local members of the media.
[no picture]	Saidmurod Yerov, January 1993. Executive editor Yerov was arrested by People’s Front members in January 1993. His body was reportedly found in a mass grave in Dushanbe on February 2.
[no picture]	Zukhuruddin Suyari,Correspondent Suyari’s body was found in Kurgan-Tiube at the end of March. It is suspected that members of the pro-government People’s may have killed him because he is from the Garm area.
	Pirimkul Sattori, 5/28/93. Correspondent Sattori was arrested by unidentified persons in military uniform. Several days later, his body was found in a cotton field.
[no picture]	Saidjonol Fakhriddinov, June 1993. Reporter Fakhriddinov, with the pro-Islamic, Tajik-language thrice-weekly Navidi Vakhsh, was murdered by the People’s Front, according to local journalists. Navidi Vakhsh was published in Khatlon Province, 100 miles south of Dushanbe.
[no picture]	Olimjon Yorasonov, June or July 1993. Editor Yorasonov was murdered by members of the People’s Front, according to local journalists.
[no picture]	Sharofuddin Kosimov, June or July 1993. Reporter Kosimov was abducted in June or July 1993 by members of the People’s Front according to local journalists. His body was discovered in July and was subsequently identified by family members.
	Ahror Sharif, June or July 1993. Editor Ahrorov may have been killed by one of several small paramilitary groups loosely affiliated with the People’s Front, according to several sources.
	Zikrullo Valiev, Summer 1993. Reporter Valiev with the Uzbek-language Khalqi Ovozi, was killed in the summer of 1993. An armed band loyal to the Tajik government may have killed him.
[no picture]	Tohir Azimov, 7/1/93. Reporter Azimov disappeared in June or July 1993. Tajik opposition sources in Russia and the United States say he was killed by one of several small paramilitary groups loosely affiliated with the People’s Front.
[no picture]	Emma Podobed, missing since September 1993. Reporter Podobed disappeared and is believed dead.
[no picture]	Kishvaroy Sharifova, 10/1/93. Reporter Sharifova disappeared in the fall of 1993. It is believed that members of the People’s Front were responsible for the deaths of other Navidi Vakhsh employees.
	Tabarali Saidaliev, 10/21/93. Editor Saidaliev was kidnapped on October 21, and his body was found three days later in a cotton field. The men who kidnapped him were dressed like government security agents.
	Olim Abdulov, 5/15/94. Abdulov was shot and killed by unknown persons near Dushanbe.
	Khushvakht Haydarsho, 5/18/94. Haydarsho, secretary of the editorial board of the Tajik-language government newspaper Jumhuriyat, was shot dead near his home in Dushanbe. Local journalists believe his murder is connected to a series of articles he published on the mafia in Tajikistan.
	Davlatali Rakhmonaliev, 8/18/94. Rakhmonaliev, director of programming at Tajikistan State Television, was fatally shot in front of his home in Dushanbe. He reportedly had close ties to the pro-Communist government.
	Hamidjon Hakimov, 11/18/94. Editor Khakimov was shot in the head in Dushanbe and died overnight. He was a prominent member of Tajikistan’s Uzbek minority.
	Muhiddin Olimpur, 12/12/95. Olimpur, head of the BBC’s Persian Service bureau in Tajikistan, was found dead near the University of Tajikistan in Dushanbe with a gunshot wound to his head. Nothing had been stolen from him, even though he was wearing a gold ring and carrying several documents.
	Muhammadsharif Holov, 11/16/95. Freelance journalist and playwright, killed by unknown masked man, shot with an automatic rifle in his own apartment.
	Pochohona Sayfiddinov, 9/29/95. Newspaper correspondent whose brutalized body was found dumped in the Vakhsh River.
	Muhammadmuslih Nadzhibulloev, 7/4/95. Freelance writer, journalism student, only 21 when found stabbed to death by unknown assailants.
	Zayniddin Muhiddinov, 3/14/95. Former editor of newspaper Hakikat, shot dead by unidentified men in camouflage uniforms.
	Viktor Nikulin, 3/28/96. Russian correspondent for Russian Public Television (ORT). Fatally shot at the door to his office the week after receiving three threatening phone calls.
	Otakhon Latifi, 9/22/98. Opposition politician and journalist, shot at point blank range outside his apartment in Dushanbe.
	Meirkhaim Gavrielov, 6/8/98. Bukharan Jewish leader and journalist, found strangled in his home.
[no picture]	Jumakhon Khotami, 7/5/99. Chief spokesperson for the Interior Ministry, anchor of a weekly TV program chronicling drug trafficking and corruption. Assassinated in Dushanbe after publicly revealing the names of drug bosses.
	Iskandar Khatloni, 9/21/00. Moscow-based RFE/RL Tajik Service correspondent, attacked in his apartment by an unknown assailant weilding an axe. He died that night from wounds sustained in the attack.
[no picture]	Aleksandr Alpatov, 9/1/00. Photographer for the Khovar Information Agency, his body was found not far from his home. Authorities reported he had been killed by a handgun equipped with a silencer.

Turkmenistan (1)

Ogulsapar Muradova, 09/14/2006. RFE/RL correspondent, held in prison for years by regime; identified by family members in the as suffering a large head wound.

It is worth remembering these are only those journalists who were unlucky enough to be murdered for their work. It does not include the further dozens upon dozens who have been physically assaulted and/or imprisoned.

I want to offer my sincere thanks to Reporters Sans Frontières, the World Association of Newspapers, the Institute for War and Peace Reporting, the Committee to Protect Journalists, and RFE/RL for publicizing the various accounts and photographs of these slain heroes.